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Factors responsible for fertility

  1. Healthy spermatozoa should be deposited high in the vagina at or near the cervix (male factor).
  2. The spermatoza should undergo changes (capacitation, acrosome reaction) and acquires motility (cervical factor).
  3. The motile spermatozoa should ascend through the cervix into the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes.
  4. There should be ovulation (ovarian factor).
  5. The fallopian tubes should be patent and the oocyte should be picked up by the fimbriated end of the tube (tubal factor).
  6. The spermatoza should fertilize the oocyte at the ampulla of the tube.
  7. The embryo should reach the uterine cavity after 3-4 days of fertilization.
  8. The endometrium should be receptive (by oestrogen, progesterone, IGF-1, cytokines, integrins) for implantation and the corpus luteum should function adequately.

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